Sir Nicholas Hytner, English director of theatre and film who served as artistic director of the Royal National Theatre (RNT) from 2003 to 2015. Hytner was credited with reinvigorating London’s theatre scene and attracting new audiences to the RNT complex on the South Bank of the River Thames.

Hytner was born in a suburb of Manchester, and, after attending Manchester Grammar School, he received his higher education at Trinity Hall, Cambridge. He had first exhibited an interest in theatre when he performed in grammar-school productions, and at Cambridge he directed plays by Bertolt Brecht and became involved with the Cambridge Footlights Revue. After Cambridge he assisted in productions at the English National Opera and worked in provincial theatres. Among those theatres was the Royal Exchange Theatre in Manchester, where from 1985 to 1989 he served as associate director. In 1989 Hytner began his association with the RNT, directing his first blockbuster hit, the Vietnam War-era musical Miss Saigon. From 1990 to 1997 he was associate director at the RNT, and during that time productions he directed included The Madness of George III (1991), whose film version, The Madness of King George (1994), marked Hytner’s film directorial debut, and a hugely successful revival of Carousel (1992), whose subsequent Broadway run garnered five Tony Awards—a best director award for Hytner among them.

Hytner also directed productions for television and for such companies as the Royal Shakespeare Company and the English National Opera, and he counted The Crucible (1996) and The Object of My Affection (1998) among his film credits. Back in London in 1999, he directed the RNT’s The Lady in the Van, and in 2000 he was named Cameron Mackintosh Visiting Professor of Contemporary Theatre at the University of Oxford.

In 2003 Hytner assumed the artistic directorship of the RNT, where he launched a string of diverse, innovative productions. Shows presented in his first season ranged from William Shakespeare’s Henry V, which he himself directed with a black actor in the title role, to Jerry Springer—The Opera, complete with an assortment of sordid character types associated with its namesake’s television program. The RNT later experienced success with such world premieres as Michael Frayn’s Democracy (2003) and War Horse (2007), which used elaborate puppetry to bring to life a children’s book about a British cavalry steed in World War I.

Hytner directed numerous other shows for the RNT, among them a six-hour two-play adaptation (2003) of Philip Pullman’s His Dark Materials series of young-adult books; Stuff Happens (2004), David Hare’s dissection of the lead-up to the Iraq War from the perspective of American and British political figures; One Man, Two Guvnors (2011), a modern update of a commedia dell’arte work by Carlo Goldoni; The Tempest and King Lear. Hytner’s direction of Alan Bennett’s The History Boys (2004) was rewarded with an Olivier Award and, after the play’s transfer to Broadway, a Tony Award.

Other theatre productions include Schiller's Don Carlos (Royal Exchange); Volpone (Almeida); The Importance of Being Ernest (Aldwych); The Lady in the Van (Queen’s) and Ghetto and The Wind in the Willows.

As director of the RNT and in addition to his innovative programming, Hytner also introduced new policies that guaranteed low-priced tickets for two-thirds of the seats in one of the RNT theatres. Under Hytner’s leadership, numerous successful productions, coupled with the policy of affordable tickets, helped to ensure that RNT shows averaged near-capacity audiences. In 2008 Hytner agreed to stay on as the head of the RNT for a further five years, and he directed his attention toward ambitious plans to broaden the audience experience. In addition to proposing the expansion of theatre facilities and the integration of the RNT into the digital realm, he was an advocate for making the theatre more transparent, both literally (by knocking down walls to allow the public a view into theatre workshops) and figuratively (by suggesting that rehearsals be open to the public).

He´s equally at home in Opera as in Theatre and Film. He started his career with Kent Opera where his productions included The Turn of the Screw, Le Nozze di Figaro, and King Priam. Subsequent productions include The King Goes Forth to France, The Knot Garden, Don Carlo for the Royal Opera House, Covent Garden; Rienzi, La Forza del Destino, Xerxes (ENO); Giulio Cesare and The Cunning Little Vixen (Paris); Le Nozze di Figaro (Geneva); La Clemenza di Tito (Glyndebourne) and Don Giovanni (Munich).

Hytner was knighted in 2010.